Space Weather research in Europe

In the following pages, we will first provide a brief description of the space weather research that is undertaken in Europe. That overview will be by no means exhaustive, but it will give a general idea of what is investigated and what the purpose of the research is.

• Atmospheric layers
  
• The ionosphere
  
• Seasons and solar cycle
  
• Impact on GNSS and satellite communication
  
• Impact on radio astronomy
  
• The plasmasphere
  
• The thermosphere and satellite drag
  
• Waves and tides in the atmosphere
  
• Coupling of ionosphere and thermosphere